Kurzbeschreibung aller Atari Basic Befehle
Index
ABS
- Usage:
- ABS(number_value)
- Description:
- Returns absolute value of given argument (ABS(-12.4) will be 12.4).
Examples:
10 X=ABS(Y)
10 IF X < 0 THEN X=ABS(X)
ADR
- Usage:
- ADR(text_value)
- Description:
- Returns memory address of first char of string given as argument.
Examples:
10 X=ADR("Atari")10 POKE ADR(A$),3410 Z=USR(ADR(ROUTINE$),128)
See also:
AND
- Usage:
- logical_value AND logical_value
- Description:
- Executes logical AND with given arguments. Returns TRUE (1) if both arguments are different from zero, or 0 otherwise.
Examples:
10 X=(A AND B+3)10 IF A > 0 AND B > 0 THEN C=A/B
See also:
ASC
- Usage:
- ASC(text_value)
- Description:
- Returns ASCII code of first char of string given as argument.
Examples:
10 X=ASC(TEXT$(5))10 IF ASC(STRING$)=65 THEN ? "First letter of the alphabet"
See also:
ATN
- Usage:
- ATN(number_value)
- Description:
- Returns arcus tangens of value given as argument. Returned value depends on kind of trigonometric unit (see RAD and DEG).
Examples:
10 PRINT ATN(1)10 Y=ATN(X)
See also:
BYE
- Usage:
- BYE
- Description:
- Ends work in Atari Basic and executes SELF TEST.
Examples:
10 GET #1,A:IF A=27 THEN BYE
See also:
CHR$
- Usage:
- CHR$(number_value)
- Description:
- Returns char represented by ASCII code given as argument.
Examples:
10 A$=CHR$(X)10 X$(4,4)=CHR$(155)
See also:
CLOAD
- Usage:
- CLOAD
- Description:
- Removes program in memory and loads a new one from tape recorder. Program loaded by CLOAD must be saved by command CSAVE.
See also:
CLOG
- Usage:
- CLOG(number_value)
- Description:
- Returns decimal logarithm of value given as argument.
Examples:
10 Y=CLOG(X)10 ? CLOG(10^5)
See also:
CLOSE
- Usage:
- CLOSE #number_value
- Description:
- Closes given IOCB. Contents of buffers is saved before closing channel.
Examples:
10 CLOSE #110 CLOSE #CHN
See also:
CLR
- Usage:
- CLR
- Description:
- Clears all variables and Basic’s stack. Removes all arrays and strings.
See also:
COLOR
- Usage:
- COLOR number_value
- Description:
- In char modes sets char using for PLOT and DRAWTO instructions. In pixel modes sets color register using for drawing. In mode 9 sets luminance and in mode 11 sets color for drawing.
Examples:
10 GRAPHICS 0:POKE 752,1:COLOR 124:PLOT 1,1:DRAWTO 30,2010 GRAPHICS 7:COLOR 1:DRAWTO 100,50:COLOR 2:DRAWTO 10,6010 GRAPHICS 9:FOR I=0 TO 15:COLOR I:PLOT 0,0:DRAWTO 4*I,100:NEXT I
See also:
COM
- Usage:
- COM number_variable(number_value[,number_value]), or
COM string_variable(number_value) - Description:
- Works the same that DIM. Look for DIM.
Examples:
10 COM X(30,5)10 COM A$(120),X(400),XYZ(100,3)
See also:
CONT
- Usage:
- CONT
- Description:
- Resumes executing of program which has been stopped by: instruction STOP or END, pressing BREAK key, or error detection. Program would be executed from next line that line which program has been stopped at.
Examples:
10 PRINT "CONT":POSITION 0,0:STOP
See also:
COS
- Usage:
- COS(number_value)
- Description:
- Returns cosinus of value given as argument. Returned value depends on kind of trigonometric unit (see RAD and DEG).
Examples:
10 Y=COS(X)10 ? SIN(X)*SIN(X)+COS(X)*COS(X)
See also:
CSAVE
- Usage:
- CSAVE
- Description:
- Saves program on tape recorder. Program would be saved in tokenized form, with short breaks between records. Program saved by CSAVE can be loaded only by CLOAD.
See also:
DATA
- Usage:
- DATA constant[,constant,…]
- Description:
- DATA keeps strings and values that can be copied to variables by instruction READ.
Examples:
10 DATA 10,12.8,-0.13,6.2E-410 DATA 600 XL,16,800 XL,64,65 XE,64,800 XE,64,130 XE,128
See also:
DEG
- Usage:
- DEG
- Description:
- Sets degree as unit used by trigonometric functions. Devault unit is radian.
Examples:
10 DEG10 DEG :X1=ATN(100):RAD :X2=ATN(100)
See also:
DIM
- Usage:
- DIM number_variable(number_value[,number_value]), or
DIM string_variable(number_value) - Description:
- Defines arrays and strings and reserves memory space for them. Arguments defines maximal lenght of array or string. First element of number array has got index=0, and first char of string has got index=1. Number arrays may has up to two dimensions, strings (char arrays) – only one dimension.
Examples:
10 DIM X(30,5)10 DIM A$(120),X(400),XYZ(100,3)
See also:
DOS
- Usage:
- DOS
- Description:
- Ends work in Atari Basic and goes to Disk Operating System. If DOS hasn’t been loaded, DOS goes to Self Test (just like BYE).
Examples:
10 GET #1,A:IF A=27 THEN DOS
See also:
DRAWTO
- Usage:
- DRAWTO number_value,number_value
- Description:
- Draws line from actual position of cursor to point with coordinates given as arguments. Point 0,0 is at left top corner. First coordinate describes column (X), second – row (Y). Unlegal coordinate causes error 141.
Examples:
10 DRAWTO I*2,J+1010 DRAWTO X,191-Y
See also:
END
- Usage:
- END
- Description:
- Closes all IOCB channels (except channel 0), turns off all sound generators and finishes executing of program. Program could be re-runned by CONT instruction. END instruction isn’t required, because these actions take place also after executing last line of program.
Examples:
10 GET #1,A:IF A=27 THEN END
See also:
ENTER
- Usage:
- ENTER file_spec
- Description:
- Reads lines from file given as argument. Lines are interpreted just like entered from keybord: if line is preceded by number, it is attached to the program, if it isn’t, it is executed. Useful for linking programs.
Examples:
10 ENTER "D:ROUTINES.LST"10 INPUT FILE$:ENTER FILE$:GOSUB 1000
See also:
EXP
- Usage:
EXP(number_value)- Description:
- Returns exponent of argument.
Examples:
10 EULER=EXP(1)10 Y=EXP(X)
See also:
FOR
- Usage:
FOR number_variable=number_value TO number_value [STEP number_value]- Description:
- Executes all lines between FOR and NEXT as loop with counter. Lines are executed as long as counter is less than final value (given after word TO), but at least one time. After every executing counter is increased by value given after word STEP (if isn’t present, it is assumed 1). Step value can be also less then zero. Loops can also be imbedded.
Examples:
10 S=0:FOR I=1 TO 100:S=S+I:NEXT I10 FOR I=1.96 TO 5.48 STEP 0.0037
See also:
FRE
- Usage:
FRE(number_value)- Description:
- Returns size of free memory, in bytes. Argument han’t got any meaning, it could be any number value.
Examples:
10 ? FRE(0)10 D=FRE(0)-1024:DIM A$(D)
GET
- Usage:
GET #number_value,number_variable- Description:
- Gets one byte from channel given as first argument and assign its value to variable given as second argument. If it is necessary (for example keyboard buffer is empty), waits for this byte. Channel had to be opened before.
Examples:
10 GET #CHN,KEY10 IF PEEK(764) < > 255 THEN GET #1,A:A$=CHR$(A)
See also:
GOSUB
- Usage:
GOSUB number_value- Description:
- Jumps to subroutine, which starts from line given as argument. GOSUB stores number of actual line on stack. Instruction RETURN will resume executing of program from this line.
Examples:
10 GOSUB KEY10 GOSUB 1000+X*100
See also:
GOTO
- Usage:
GOTO number_variable- Description:
- Jumps to line given as argument immediately. Doesn’t remember number of line which jumps from. Could also be used in form GO TO.
Examples:
10 GOTO 1010 GO TO 1000+X*100
See also:
GO TO
- Usage:
GO TO number_variable- Description:
- Works like a GOTO.
See also:
GRAPHICS
- Usage:
GRAPHICS number_value- Description:
- Sets graphics mode given as argument. There is 16 different graphics modes on Atari (from 0 to 15). Number could be increased by 16 to turn off text window, or by 32 to omit cleaning screen memory. GRAPHICS opens channel 6 for device S:.
Examples:
10 GRAPHICS 010 GRAPHICS 8+16
See also:
IF
- Usage:
IF number_value THEN number_constant|instruction- Description:
- Tests the value for truth. It is truth if it isn’t equal to zero. Logical expressions could also be used. If the expression is true, instruction placed after THEN or line with number given after THEN will be executed. If expression is false, next line will be executed.
Examples:
10 IF A=B THEN ? "A = B"10 IF X THEN Y=1/X10 IF (X>3)*(X=4) THEN 100
See also:
INPUT
- Usage:
INPUT [#number_value,]variable[,variable...]- Description:
- Reads data from channel and assigns it to variable given as argument. If no channel is given, reads from channel 0. It displays then question mark (?). If it confuses you, use form INPUT #16,A.
Examples:
10 INPUT TEXT$10 INPUT #CHN,A,B,TXT$10 PRINT "Enter file name:";:INPUT #16,FILE$
See also:
INT
- Usage:
INT(number_variable)- Description:
- Returns integer part of given value. Result is always less or equal to argument, for example INT(-2.5)=-3.
Examples:
10 MSB=INT(WORD/256)10 IF A=INT(A) THEN 100
LEN
- Usage:
LEN(text_value)- Description:
- Returns actual lenght in chars of text string given as argument.
Examples:
10 LENGHT=LEN(TEXT$)10 A$(LEN(A$)+1)=B$
See also:
LET
- Usage:
[LET] number_variable=number_value
[LET] text_variable=text_value- Description:
- Assigns value to given variable. Word LET isn’t necessary unless name of variable is Atari Basic keyword.
Examples:
10 Y=LEN(A$)+LOG(2*Z)10 LET PRINT=6
LIST
- Usage:
LIST [file_spec,][number_value[,number_value]]- Description:
- Displays lines of program. If file_spec is given, listing is directed to this file. Program saved by LIST can be loaded by ENTER. If first number is given then only line with this number is displayed. If both numbers are given then all lines from first number to second number inclusive.
Examples:
10 LIST10 LIST "D:PRG1.LST",1000,1999
See also:
LOAD
- Usage:
LOAD file_spec- Description:
- Removes actual program and load a new one from file given as argument. Program should be stored with SAVE instruction.
See also:
LOCATE
- Usage:
LOCATE number_value,number_value,number_variable- Description:
- Gets value (char of color) of point with given coordinates and assigns this value to given variable. It is value of COLOR used to setting this point.
Examples:
10 LOCATE X,Y,CHAR10 LOCATE 0,0,A
See also:
LOG
- Usage:
LOG(number_value)- Description:
- Returns natural logarithm (ln) of argument.
Examples:
10 A=LOG(3.1415927)10 IF X > 0 THEN Y=LOG(X)
See also:
LPRINT
- Usage:
LPRINT [value][[,]|[;][value]...]- Description:
- Prints given values on printer. It is using channel 7. Separators like a comma or semicolon can be used to formatting data. Semicolon determines printing without any space between data. Comma determines printing next data at first column n*10.
Examples:
10 LPRINT A;"^3 = ";A^310 LPRINT 1;".",TEXT$
See also:
NEW
- Usage:
NEW- Description:
- Closes all IOCB channels (except channel 0), turns off all sound generators, finishes executing of program and removes program from memory.
Examples:
10 IF CRC < > CODE THEN NEW
See also:
NEXT
- Usage:
NEXT number_variable- Description:
- Last instruction of FOR loop. It checks if counter is less then final value. If it is, increases it by step value and jumps to begin of loop. If it isn’t, ends FOR loop.
Examples:
10 NEXT INDEX10 FOR I=0 TO 1000:NEXT I
See also:
NOT
- Usage:
NOT number_value- Description:
- Reverses logical value of given expression. If argument is equal to 0 then it returns 1, if it isn’t equal to 0, it returns 0.
Examples:
10 IF NOT X=2 THEN 10010 X= NOT Y
See also:
NOTE
- Usage:
NOTE #number_value,number_variable,number_variable- Description:
- Reads actual position of disk drive head and assign it to two given variables. First contains sector n
umber, second contains byte number. These values can be used with POINT instruction.
Examples:
10 NOTE #CHN,X,Y10 OPEN #1,4,0,"D:FILE.EXT":NOTE #1,SECT,BYTE:CLOSE #1
See also:
ON
- Usage:
ON number_value GOTO|GOSUB number_value[,...]- Description:
- Tests given value and jumps to line indexed by this value or do nothing (if value is equal to 0). Value can’t be less then 0, or greater then 255.
Examples:
10 ON 2 GOTO 10,20,3010 GET #1,K:ON K-48 GOSUB 100,500,900
See also:
OPEN
- Usage:
OPEN #number_value,number_value,number_value,file_spec- Description:
- Opens given channel (from 1 to 7) for transmition with given device or file. Second and third argument describes transmition mode (read/write mode and AUX1 byte). Open channel can be used for other I/O instructions: GET, INPUT, NOTE, POINT, PRINT, PUT, XIO. After transmition channel should be closed with CLOSE instruction.
Examples:
10 CLOSE #1:OPEN #1,4,0,"K:"10 OPEN #CHN,MODE,AUX,FILE$10 OPEN #1,6,0,"D:*.BAS"
See also:
OR
- Usage:
number_value OR number_value- Description:
- Executes logical OR with given arguments. Returns FALSE (0) if both arguments are are equal to 0, or 0 otherwise.
Examples:
10 IF A OR B THEN Y=X/(A*A+B*B)10 MOVE=(X=1) OR (X=-1) OR (Y=1) OR (Y=-1)
See also:
PADDLE
- Usage:
PADDLE(number_value)- Description:
- Returns position of paddle manipulator connected to port with number given as argument. Result could be from 1 to 228 inclusive.
Examples:
10 V=PADDLE(A)10 IF PADDLE(0) < 100 THEN 10
See also:
PEEK
- Usage:
PEEK(number_value)- Description:
- Returns byte from memory address given as argument.
Examples:
10 IF PEEK(53279)=7 THEN 1010 SCREEN=PEEK(88)+256*PEEK(89)
See also:
PLOT
- Usage:
PLOT number_value,number_value- Description:
- Sets point with coordinates given as arguments. Point 0,0 is at left top corner. First coordinate describes column (X), second – row (Y). Unlegal coordinate causes error 141.
Examples:
10 PLOT X,Y10 PLOT 0,0
See also:
POINT
- Usage:
POINT #number_value,number_value,number_value- Description:
- Sets disk drive head to sector and byte given as arguments. These values can be taken by NOTE instruction.
Examples:
10 POINT #CHN,X,Y10 OPEN #1,4,0,"D:FILE.EXT":POINT #1,SECT,BYTE
See also:
POKE
- Usage:
POKE number_value,number_value- Description:
- Stores second value in byte with address given as first argument.
Examples:
10 POKE 82,010 POKE 10,LSB:POKE 11,MSB
See also:
POP
- Usage:
POP- Description:
- Takes from Basic stack bytes placed there by last instruction GOSUB (6 bytes) or FOR (16 bytes). It makes accessible leaving FOR loop or subroutine by GOTO instruction.
Examples:
10 IF I > 6 THEN POP :GOTO 60
See also:
POSITION
- Usage:
POSITION number_value,number_value- Description:
- Moves cursor to point with coordinates given as arguments. Cursor is visible only in graphics mode 0.
Examples:
10 POSITION 0,010 POSITION X,Y
See also:
- Usage:
PRINT|? [#number_value[,|;]][value][,|;[value]...]- Description:
- Writes to given channel values. If no channel is given writes to channel 0. Values must be separated by commas (,) or semicolons (;). Semicolon determines printing without any space between data. Comma determines printing next data at first column n*10. If it isn’t separator at the end of values list, then EOL char is also sent. Values written to file can be read by INPUT instruction.
Examples:
10 PRINT10 ? :? "Atari"10 ? CHR$(125);CHR$(253),100010 PRINT #2;"DATA: ";X1,X2,X310 PRINT #6;"ATARI":? #6,"computer"
See also:
PTRIG
- Usage:
PTRIG(number_value)- Description:
- Returns state of button on paddle manipulator connected to the port given as argument. If button is pressed, it returns 0, or 1 otherwise.
Examples:
10 IF NOT PTRIG(0) THEN GOSUB FIRE
See also:
PUT
- Usage:
PUT #number_value,number_value- Description:
- Writes byte given as second argument to channel given as first argument. Channel had to be opened before.
Examples:
10 PUT #1,BYTE10 PUT #6,15510 PUT #CHN,PEEK(I)
See also:
RAD
- Usage:
RAD- Description:
- Sets radian as unit used by trigonometric functions. Devault unit is radian.
Examples:
10 RAD
See also:
READ
- Usage:
READ variable[,variable]- Description:
- Reads value from DATA line and assign it
to given variable. Values are taken sequencely from one DATA instruction or from next DATA.
Examples:
10 READ A,B,C,TXT$:GOSUB 100010 READ X:A(I)=X
See also:
REM
- Usage:
REM [any char string]- Description:
- Do nothing. All words after REM (in this line) are ignored by interpreter. Can be used for comments.
Examples:
10 REM10 REM ------------------------------10 REM Anything you want: ,$#"@ RUN10 DIM A$(15):REM name
RESTORE
- Usage:
RESTORE [number_value]- Description:
- Causes reading datas from line given as argument, or from first DATA line, if no argument is given.
Examples:
10 RESTORE 1000+X:READ A$10 RESTORE :GOSUB 1000
See also:
RETURN
- Usage:
RETURN- Description:
- Ends current subprogram and returns to line which this subprogram has been called from. Gets number of this line from Basic stack.
Examples:
10 RETURN10 IF IS_END THEN RETURN
See also:
RND
- Usage:
RND(number_value)- Description:
- Returns random value from 0 to 1. Argument hasn’t got any meaning, it could be any value.
Examples:
10 X=1000*RND(0)10 NUMBER=INT(RND(0)*6)+110 IF RND(Z)<0.5 then="" gosub="" win="" code="">
RUN
- Usage:
RUN [file_spec]- Description:
- If no argument is given, it does the same operations that END and CLR and then starts executing program in memory from its first line. If argument is given, it loads program from given file (just like LOAD) and starts its executing. Program must be stored by SAVE instruction.
Examples:
10 IF DATA_CORRUPTED THEN RUN10 IF KEY=START THEN RUN
See also:
SAVE
- Usage:
SAVE file_spec- Description:
- Stores program to file given as argument. Program is saved in tokenized form (similar to representation of program in memory). File can be read by LOAD or RUN.
Examples:
10 SAVE A$
See also:
SETCOLOR
- Usage:
SETCOLOR number_value,number_value,number_value- Description:
- Sets hue and luminance of colour register given as first argument. Second argument describe hue and third one – luminance.
Examples:
10 SETCOLOR 2,0,010 SETCOLOR I,H(I),I*2
See also:
SGN
- Usage:
SGN(number_value)- Description:
- Returns signum of argument. If argument is less then 0, it returns -1. If argument is greater then 0, it returns 1. If argument is equal to 0, it returns 0.
Examples:
10 X=SGN(Z)*COUNTER10 IF NOT SGN(A) THEN GOSUB 1000
SIN
- Usage:
SIN(number_value)- Description:
- Returns sinus of value given as argument. Result depends on unit of trigonometric functions.
Examples:
10 Y=SIN(X)10 X=A*SIN(OMEGA*T+F)
See also:
SOUND
- Usage:
SOUND number_value,number_value,number_value,number_value- Description:
- Sets sound generator given as first argument (from 0 to 3) to plaing sound given as rest of arguments. Second argument (from 0 to 255) describes frequency, third one (from 0 to 15) – choose kind of roars (10 or 14 means no roars), fourth argument (from 0 to 15) describes volume of sound. If all three sound arguments are equal to 0, it turns off this generator.
Examples:
10 SOUND 0,0,0,010 FOR I=0 TO 255:SOUND 1,I,10,10:NEXT I
See also:
SQR
- Usage:
SQR(number_value)- Description:
- Returns square root of argument. Argument must be greater or equal to 0.
Examples:
10 Y=SQR(ABS(X))
STATUS
- Usage:
STATUS #number_value,number_variable- Description:
- Reads operation status for IOCB channel given as first argument and assigns this value to given variable. Value 1 means SUCCESS.
Examples:
10 STATUS #X,ST10 PUT #1,A:STATUS #1,STAT
See also:
STICK
- Usage:
STICK(number_value)- Description:
- Returns value which describes position of joystick connected to port given as first argument. Position values:
10 14 6 \ | / \ |/ 11--15--7 / |\ / | \ 9 13 5
Examples:
10 IF STICK(A)=UP THEN X=X-110 GOSUB PROCS(STICK(0))
See also:
STRIG
- Usage:
STRIG(number_value)- Description:
- Returns state of button on joystick connected to the port given as argument. If button is pressed, it returns 0, or 1 otherwise.
Examples:
10 IF NOT STRIG(A) THEN GOSUB FIRE10 IF STRIG(0) THEN GOTO 10
See also:
STEP
- Description:
- Optional part of the FOR instruction. Defines value which is added to loop counter after each executing of the loop. If no given, 1 is assumed.
See also:
STOP
- Usage:
STOP- Description:
- Breaks executing of program and displays message:STOPPED AT LINE n„. Doesn’t close IOCB channels and doesn’t turn off sound generators. Executing of the program can be recovered by CONT instruction.
Examples:
10 ? A,B,X,Y,FILE$,TEST:STOP10 ? "CONT":POSITION 0,0:STOP
See also:
STR$
- Usage:
STR$(number_value)- Description:
- Returns string which is ASCII equivalent of number given as argument. Result is char string and it can contain chars like: numbers from 0 to 9, ‚-‚, ‚+‘ (only in exponent) and letter ‚E‘.
Examples:
10 ? STR$(SQR(3.714))10 Y$=STR$(X)
See also:
THEN
- Description:
- Part of the IF instruction. Precedes list of instructions which are executed, if logical expression is not equal to 0.
See also:
TO
- Description:
- Part of the FOR instruction. Describes final value of the loop counter.
See also:
TRAP
- Usage:
TRAP number_value- Description:
- Sets trap for error in line given as argument. When error occurs, it will not be error message, program will be continued from given line. Error code could be read by
PEEK(195)and number of line which caused error could be read byPEEK(186)+256*PEEK(187). Error trapping is turned off by error detection or instruction TRAP with argument greater then 32767.
Examples:
10 TRAP 10:INPUT A10 TRAP ERR10 TRAP 40000
USR
- Usage:
USR(number_value[,number_value...])- Description:
- Executes binary program in machine language placed from address given as first argument. Rest of arguments is stored on 6502 stack (LSB first, MSB second) and it can be used as arguments for binary program. Last byte placed on 6502 stack describes number of bytes to pull from it. After return from binary program (RTS code) Basic gets value from bytes 212 and 213. This value is returned as result of USR function.
Examples:
10 ? USR(1536)10 X=USR(PMG,2,HPOS,VPOS)10 X=USR(ADR(ML$),ADR(TEXT$),LEN(TEXT$))
See also:
VAL
- Usage:
VAL(text_value)- Description:
- Returns number value represented by string given as argument. Scans string to first unexpected char.
Examples:
10 X=VAL(A$(I,I+10))10 ? VAL("8254E3")10 TEXT$="-1.2+34":? TEXT$:? VAL(TEXT$)
See also:
XIO
- Usage:
XIO number_val,#number_val,number_val,number_val,file_spec- Description:
- Universal IO instruction. It can handle all commands akcepted by CIO and the device. Some operation can be done by other Basic instruction (OPEN, GET, PRINT, STATUS…).
Examples:
10 XIO 18,#6,0,0,"S:"10 XIO 35,#1,0,0,FILE$10 XIO CMD,#CHN,A1,A2,FILE$
See also:
?
- Description:
- Abbreviation for PRINT instruction. Represented by another token, but works just like PRINT.
See also: